Power pole for artificial tree apparatus with axial electrical connectors

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is an artificial tree having a plurality of electrified tree sections that couple together to provide power and/or command signals to devices connected thereto. One or more tree sections may have a trunk portion, one or more electrical connectors having a plurality of terminals, branches, a light string, and an electrical distribution system located at least partially within the trunk portion. A first tree section may be configured to couple to a second tree section such that an electrical connector of the first tree section is in electrical connection with an electrical connector of the second tree section, thereby mechanically and electrically connecting the first tree section to the second tree section such that power and/or the control data are transmitted to the second tree section. Further, each trunk segment may include an axial electrical connector that permits adjacent trunk segments to connect in a plurality of radial orientations relative to each other.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is:

a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/588,440, titled“Power Pole for Artificial Tree Apparatus with Axial ElectricalConnectors,” filed by Jason Loomis on Sep. 30, 2019,

which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/783,934,titled “Power Pole for Artificial Tree Apparatus with Axial ElectricalConnectors,” filed by Jason Loomis on Oct. 13, 2017,

which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/272,217titled “Architecture for Routing Multi-Channel Commands Via a TreeColumn,” filed by Jason Loomis on Sep. 21, 2016,

which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/831,625,now U.S. Pat. No. 9,833,098, titled “Architecture for RoutingMulti-Channel Commands Via a Tree Column,” filed by Jason Loomis on Aug.20, 2015,

which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/745,795, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,173,443, titled “Architecture forRouting Multi-Channel Commands Via a Tree Column,” filed by Jason Loomison Jan. 19, 2013,

which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/288,114 titled “Artificial Tree Apparatus with Axial ElectricalConnectors,” filed by Jason Loomis on Nov. 3, 2011,

which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/836,425, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,053,042, titled “Artificial TreeApparatus,” filed by Jason Loomis on Jul. 14, 2010,

which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/225,258titled “Artificial Tree Apparatus,” filed by Jason Loomis on Jul. 14,2009.

This application incorporates the entire contents of the foregoingapplication(s) herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Various embodiments relate generally to improved coupling arrangementsfor the trunk portions of artificial trees in which sections may easilyconnect and/or may carry power and/or any other important electricalinformation or commands via the tree column.

BACKGROUND

It has become commonplace in both residential and commercialenvironments to incorporate plants in both indoor and outdoor spaces.Plants can serve various useful purposes, such as for example, providingdecoration both for everyday and holiday occasions, providing healthbenefits through the release of oxygen, as well as creating a morerelaxing environment through actual and placebic effects of the plant.In cases where a live plant cannot or is preferred not to beaccommodated, artificial plants or trees can be a popular choice. Apopular instance in which to use an artificial tree is in the use of anartificial holiday tree. Many people choose to decorate their tree inaccordance with the holiday season.

SUMMARY

Apparatus and associated methods may relate to an artificial treeapparatus having a plurality of trunk segments that, upon securemechanical coupling into a column, couple a plurality of independentinformation channels and/or command signals via the column. In anillustrative example, one or more branch segments having light emittingdevices may be connected to the trunk segments. A plurality of branchsegments may receive independent signals transmitted from a controlsystem. In some implementations, some of the signals generated by thecontrol system may include command data associated with a predeterminedillumination pattern. In some embodiments, each branch segment load maybe independently controlled via a multi-channel arrangement. In variousimplementations, each trunk segment may include an axial connector thatpermits adjacent trunk segments to be mechanically coupled from anyradial orientation relative to a longitudinal axis of the column.

Various embodiments may achieve one or more advantages. For example,some embodiments may output complex output patterns (e.g., lights,sounds, motions) by coordinated modulation of phase, amplitude, and/orwaveform command signals conveyed to independent load devices associatedwith an artificial tree, for example. Some embodiments may permit theuser to manually configure each command signal directly at the maincontroller. In some examples, the user may have the option to manuallyconfigure independent loads or branch segments via a control interfacedisposed in close proximity to an inter-connection point, for example,between the branch segment and the trunk segment. Various embodimentsmay advantageously provide an improved coupling arrangement for thetrunk portions of an artificial tree, for example, in which eachsection, besides connecting easily, carries current and any otherimportant signal, including but not limited to electrical information orcommands, via the tree column. Certain embodiments facilitate simplifiedassembly and disassembly of the trunk column by introducingself-aligning electro-mechanical interfaces into the trunk segments,which may include multi-channel electromagnetic coupling systems forcommunicating multiple channels of commands and/or information acrossthe interface between adjacent trunk segments. Various embodiments mayadvantageously provide high performance multi-channel controlcapabilities while substantially simplifying and reducing complexity,effort, hassle, and time required to assemble a fully functioning,self-standing display. Moreover, ergonomic safety may be enhanced byeliminating the need to align two bulky objects, and electrical safetyhazards may be reduced, for example, by integrating electricalconductors within the tree column.

The details of various embodiments are set forth in the accompanyingdrawings and the description below. Other features and advantages willbe apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts, in an exploded view, an exemplary artificial treeapparatus with multi-channel signals distributed via the tree column.

FIG. 2 depicts exemplary first and second trunk segments longitudinallyaligned for connection.

FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary branch segment for coupling to a trunksegment with a user interface.

FIG. 4 depicts another exemplary branch segment for coupling to a trunksegment with a user interface.

FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary controller used in a control system foroutputting independent multi-channel signals.

FIG. 6 depicts another exemplary system for processing independentmulti-channel signals.

FIGS. 7A-7B depict an exemplary orientation-independent multi-channelsignal interface connection assembly.

FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C depict another exemplary orientation-independentmulti-channel signal interface connection assembly.

FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C, and 9D depict an exemplary self-aligning multi-channelsignal interface connection assembly.

FIGS. 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D depict another exemplary self-aligningmulti-channel signal interface connection assembly.

FIG. 11 depicts an exemplary multichannel distribution system integratedin a central pole.

FIGS. 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 depict schematically exemplary trunksegment configurations for distributing operating power and serialcontrol commands to individual light string elements.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

To aid understanding, this document is organized as follows. First, anexemplary artificial tree featuring multi-channel axial electricalinterfaces and multi-channel signal path(s) integrated within thecentral pole is briefly introduced with reference to FIGS. 1-2. Then,with reference to FIGS. 3-4, exemplary user interfaces that permitselection of a preferred light pattern channel for singular or group ofbranch segments are described. Next, the discussion turns to anexemplary embodiment of a controller in FIG. 5. Then, with reference toFIG. 6, further explanatory discussion is presented to explain exemplaryprocessing of multi-channel signal(s) received from the controller.Then, with reference to FIGS. 7A-10D, various orientation-independentand self-aligning connection assemblies are illustrated for use with asingle or multi-channel artificial tree apparatus. An exemplarymultichannel system is described with reference to FIG. 11. Finally,FIGS. 12-16 depict exemplary configurations for distributing operatingpower and serial control commands to individual light string elements.

FIG. 1 depicts, in an exploded view, an exemplary artificial treeapparatus with multi-channel signals distributed via the tree column. Anartificial tree apparatus 100 provides decoration and dynamic, complex,time-varying, multi-channel illumination. In an exemplary embodiment,the artificial tree apparatus 100 is in the shape of a Christmas tree,although the loads could be applied to another decoration, edifice, orsubstrate. By way of example and not limitation, the artificial treeapparatus 100 of this example may be of various heights, such as forexample 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 feet in overall height.

The artificial tree apparatus 100 includes a base 105 for providingself-standing upright support of the artificial tree apparatus 100. Insome embodiments, the base 105 may be secured rigidly to a floorsurface. In other embodiments, the base 105 may be movable along thefloor surface. Although not shown in this example, the base 105 mayrotate the tree about its longitudinal axis. In such event, theelectrical contact may be maintained, for example, via slip ringcontacts, to avoid twisting of an electrical cord.

Extending vertically from the base 105 is a plurality of trunk segments110, 115, 120, 125. The number of trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 maydepend upon the overall height preference of the artificial treeapparatus 100. In some exemplary embodiments, only 2-3 trunk segmentsmay be used. In other exemplary embodiments, 4-6 trunk segments may beused to achieve a greater overall height of the artificial treeapparatus 100. The length of each trunk segment 110, 115, 120, 125 maybe the same in some exemplary embodiments. The trunk segments 110, 115,120, 125 may employ a circular cross-section in some exemplaryembodiments. The circular cross-section of the trunk segments 110, 115,120, 125 permits the trunk segments to be connected in any radialorientation relative to the connecting trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125that are being connected in a non-radial dependent manner.

Other cross-sectional shapes may provide for a more limited connectionarrangement. For example, a square cross-sectional shape of the trunksegments would only permit 4 radially different positions ofadjacent-connecting trunk segments. Examples that incorporateorientation-dependent alignment of trunk segments are described withreference, for example, to at least FIG. 2 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,053,042,to Loomis, J., the entire contents of which are incorporated herein byreference.

In another exemplary embodiment, some trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125may be shorter or longer than other trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 toachieve a desired visual and/or lighting effect. For example, the trunksegments 110, 115, 120, 125 may be assembled in a preferred order ofemitted light pattern. Different trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 maybe pre-programmed (e.g., hard-wired or executing a programmed set ofinstructions stored on a data store) to output a different predeterminedlight pattern scheme, for example. Such schemes may involve a visuallyperceptible effect based on, for example, a combination of spectral,temporal (e.g., phase, frequency), and modulation waveformdifferentiations. A first trunk segment may be configured to outputgreen light, a second trunk segment may be configured to output redlight, and a third trunk segment may be configured to output blinkingwhite light, for example. The term “light pattern” herein may refer tovarious lighting effects, such as for example the light color, the lighthue, the light increasing or decreasing brightness or intensity, thelight on/off sequence, such as blinking fast, blinking slow, or otherlighting effects such as simply turning the light on or off

As shown, each trunk segment 110, 115, 120, 125 includes an axialelectrical connector 130 configured as a plug to mate with another axialelectrical connector 135 configured as a socket. In assembly, the trunksegments 110, 115, 120, 125 and respective axial electrical connectors130, 135 longitudinally align when being connected. The plug axialelectrical connector 130 may be oriented in any radial position relativethe socket axial electrical connector 135 when connecting trunk segments110, 115, 120, 125, thus being non-radial dependent. By permittingindependent and free rotation of the axial electrical connectors 130,135 during assembly, the artificial tree apparatus 100 becomes easy andquick to assemble. Furthermore, the axial symmetry permits the user adegree of freedom to independently adjust the relative angle between anyof the segments 110-125, as may be desired by the user.

Extending from each trunk segment 110, 115, 120, 125 are one or morebranch segments 140, 145, 150, 155. In an exemplary embodiment, thebranch segments 140, 145, 150, 155 are shaped to resemble tree limbs.For example, the branch segments 140, 145, 150, 155 may be shaped toresemble Pine tree boughs.

In the depicted embodiment, each branch segment 140, 145, 150, 155includes one or more integral light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175for emitting a light pattern. In some embodiments, the light emittingdevices 160, 165, 170, 175 may include light emitting diodes (LEDs). Insome embodiments, the light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175 mayinclude incandescent bulbs. Each load of the light emitting devices 160,165, 170, 175 may be configured to emit a predetermined light patternsthat may be different (e.g., independent) with respect to the otherlight emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175 on the same or differentbranch segment 140, 145, 150, 155. For example, a first group oflighting devices 160 on a first group of branch segments 140 may outputa slow blinking light pattern in a red color. A second group of lightingdevices 165 on a second group of branch segments 145 may output a fastblinking light pattern in a blue color. A third group of lightingdevices 170 on a third group of branch segments 150 may output analternately increasing and decreasing intensity green light pattern. Afourth group of lighting devices 175 on a fourth group of branchsegments 155 may output a non-periodic (e.g., constant) white lightpattern.

In the case that one or more light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175or strings of light emitting devices burn-out, the branch segment 140,145, 150, 155 may be removed from the trunk segment 110, 115, 120, 125and a replacement branch segment may be connected.

The artificial tree apparatus 100 includes a control system 180 togenerate and transmit command signals to the light emitting devices 160,165, 170, 175. In some embodiments, the control system 180 may include acontroller located at (or within) the base 105 of the artificial treeapparatus 100. The command signals may be sent through internal wiringextending within the trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 and the branchsegments 140, 145, 150, 155 to the light emitting devices 160, 165, 170,175. The axial electrical connectors 130, 135 provide a pathway betweentrunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 for the command signals, which mayinclude power, data, and/or control signals in analog and/or digitalformats. In some exemplary embodiments, the control system 180 islocated within the base 105 of the artificial tree apparatus 100. Thecontrol system 180 permits independent operation of the light emittingdevices 160, 165, 170, 175. In an exemplary embodiment, the controlsystem 180 generates and transmits a first command signal that istransmitted to a first group of light emitting devices 160 upon thefirst branch segments 140 and generates a separate and distinct commandsignal that is transmitted to a second group of light emitting devices165 upon the second branch segments 145.

A power cord 185 and plug 190 is shown to provide power to the lightemitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175 and to the control system 180. In anexemplary embodiment, AC power received by the power cord 185 and plug190 may be converted to low voltage DC power and then delivered to thelight emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175. The low voltage DC powercauses the light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175 to illuminate atthe pre-determined light pattern. In other exemplary embodiments, abattery pack may be provided to power the control system 180 and/or thelight emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175.

The artificial apparatus 100 provides a coupling arrangement of thetrunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 to permit independent relativerotation of adjacent connecting trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 thuspermitting easy connection in that the adjacent trunk segments 110, 115,120, 125 may be connected at and operate from any radially angularposition relative to each other and to the longitudinal axis.Additionally, the coupling arrangement provides for electrical currentand other important command information to be carried via internalpathways and connectors 130, 135 extending within and from each of thetrunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125.

FIG. 2 depicts exemplary first and second trunk segments longitudinallyaligned for connection. A first trunk segment 200 is configured toelectrically and mechanically attach to a second trunk segment 205 whilepermitting the first trunk segment 200 to be positioned at any radialangle (e.g., non-radial dependent) relative to the second trunk segment205 and still employ a secure electrical and mechanical connection. Thetrunk segments are substantially aligned and symmetric with respect to alongitudinal axis. For example, the first trunk segment 200 may bepositioned at a 0 degree radial angle relative to a reference point uponthe second trunk segment 205. In another example, the first trunksegment 200 may be positioned at a 90 degree radial angle relative tothe same reference point upon the second trunk segment 205 and stillemploy the same electrical and mechanical connection as the relative 0degree angle connection.

In the depicted example, the first trunk segment 200 includes a hollowsleeve 210 extending from one end. The sleeve 210 extends along alongitudinal axis of the first trunk segment 200. Extending from thefirst trunk segment 200 within the sleeve 210 is a first axialelectrical connector 215 in the shape of a (male) plug. The first axialelectrical connector 215 is concentric with the sleeve 210 to permitfree radial rotation about the longitudinal axis and relative the secondtrunk segment 205 during or after attachment. The first axial electricalconnector 215 includes a plurality of contacts 220, 225, 230, eachseparated by an insulator 235. Each contact 220, 225, 230 may beconfigured to carry an independent electrical signal. In an exemplaryembodiment, a first contact 220 is configured to carry a power signal, asecond contact 225 is configured for ground (e.g., signal return), and athird contact 230 is configured to carry an electrical command signalrepresentative of a light pattern.

The longitudinally recessed location of the first axial electricalconnector 215 within the sleeve 210 protects the first axial electricalconnector 215 from damage during assembly, disassembly, and storage ofthe trunk segments 200, 205, and ensures proper coaxial alignment of theaxial electrical connector 215 prior to engagement. In addition, theoverlapping stability of the cylindrical walls of the correspondingtrunk segments 200, 205 provides greater strength and stability to thecoupled trunk segments 200, 205 of the artificial tree apparatus wheninstalled.

The second trunk segment 205 includes a diametrically recessed portion240 along an end which has a lesser outer diameter than the innerdiameter of the sleeve 210 of the first trunk segment 200 such that therecessed portion 240 is received within the sleeve 210. Extendinginwardly from the end of the second trunk segment 205 is a second axialelectrical connector 245 in the shape of a (e.g., female) socket forreceiving the first axial electrical connector 215. The first axialelectrical connector 215 of the first trunk segment 200 is recessed somedistance from the end of the first trunk segment 200 and within theinternal cavity of the sleeve 210 so that the first trunk segment 200can slide onto the recessed portion 240 of the second trunk segment 205and engage the second trunk segment 205 to mate the first axialelectrical connector 215 with the second axial electrical connector 245of the second trunk segment 205. The reduced diameter recessed portion240 of the second trunk segment 205 can freely rotate within the sleeve210 of the first trunk segment 200 even when the first and second axialelectrical connectors 215, 245 are fully coupled together.

Like the first axial electrical connector 215, the second axialelectrical connector 245 includes a corresponding plurality of contacts250, 255, 260 to electrically connect with respective contacts 220, 225,230 of the first axial electrical connector 215. The provision of singleor multiple channels carried on the single axial plug of the first axialelectrical connector 215 and the corresponding axial socket of thesecond axial electrical connector 245 enables free rotation of the axialelectrical connectors 235, 245, obviating the need to rotationally alignthe trunk segments 200, 205 prior to assembly of the artificial treeapparatus.

In various embodiments, releasable galvanic communication may be madebetween corresponding contact terminals of the connectors 215, 245 by,for example, by employing compliant contacts that provide adjustableradial depth to accommodate axial connection and disconnection.

FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary branch segment for coupling to a trunksegment with a user interface. A trunk segment 300 is shown having auser interface 305 with a first radial receptacle 310, a second radialreceptacle 315, and third radial receptacle 320. The first radialreceptacle 310 may connect to a first signal wire internal to the trunksegment 300 that is configured to carry a first electrical commandsignal. The second radial receptacle 315 may connect to a second signalwire internal to the trunk segment 300 that is configured to carry asecond electrical command signal. The third radial receptacle 320 mayconnect to a third signal wire internal to the trunk segment 300 that isconfigured to carry a third electrical command signal. The electricalcommand signals may be different from each other to represent differentlight patterns. Each branch segment 325 may be connected to a preferredradial receptacle 310, 315, 320 thus permitting different branchsegments 325 to emit different light patterns by the respectiveelectrical command signals. In some implementations, the radialreceptacles 310-320 may carry a plurality of signals, for example,including power and at least one data signal containing encodedinformation associated with a command signal for modulating the loadoutput intensity, for example.

For example, the first electrical command signal may be representativeof a first light color, the second electrical command signal may berepresentative of a second light color, and the third electrical commandsignal may be representative of a third light color. In anotherexemplary embodiment, the first electrical command signal may berepresentative of a blinking light, the second electrical command signalmay be representative of a solid light, and the third electrical commandsignal may be representative of a modulating light.

In the depicted example, a radial plug 330 extends from the branchsegment 325. The branch segment 325 may include a branch member 335 tomimic the shape of a tree branch. The branch segment 325 has one or morelight emitting devices 340. The radial plug 330 is connected viainsertion to the user-selected radial receptacle 310, 315, 320 that isconfigured to emit the preferred electrical command signal. If adifferent electrical command signal is later preferred, the radial plug330 may be removed from the radial receptacle 310, 315, 320 currently inuse and reinserted into a different radial receptacle 310, 315, 320. Ifall radial receptacles 310, 315, 320 corresponding to the sameelectrical command signal on each trunk segment 300 are desired to bealtered to correspond to a different electrical command signal, acontrol system may be configured to output a different electricalcommand signal to the corresponding group of radial receptacles 310,315, 320. In some exemplary embodiments, the user interface 305 andradial receptacles 310, 315, 320 form a portion of the control system.

FIG. 4 depicts another exemplary branch segment for coupling to a trunksegment with a user interface. A trunk segment 400 is shown having aradial receptacle 405 and a user interface 410 comprising amulti-position control switch 415. As shown, the control switch 415includes a first position, a second position, a third position, and afourth position. The first position may be representative of a firstelectrical command signal, the second position may be representative ofa second electrical command signal, the third position may berepresentative of a third electrical command signal and the fourthposition may be representative of a fourth electrical command signal.

A branch segment 420 having a radial plug 425 is aligned with the radialreceptacle 405. The branch segment 420 includes a branch member 430 forcarrying one or more light emitting devices 435. The radial plug 425 isconnected via insertion to the radial receptacle 405. The control switch415 position is adjusted to output a corresponding electrical commandsignal to the light emitting devices 435 upon the branch segment 420. Ifthe light pattern is desired to be changed, the control switch 410 maybe adjusted to output a different electrical command signal. If none ofthe electrical command signals available via the control switch 410positions are desired, a control system may be configured to correspondone or more of the control switch 410 positions with an alternativeelectrical command signal corresponding to a different light modulationor pattern. In some exemplary embodiments, the user interface 410 andradial receptacle 405 may form a portion of the control system. Invarious embodiments, the user interface 415, alone or integrated with acontroller, may advantageously be disposed at a convenient height foraccess by a user in a standing position, which may be, for example, onemeter or more above the floor on which the base is resting. In someembodiments, the controller may be hidden by decorative or ornamentalitems on or proximate the controller housing.

FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary controller used in a control system foroutputting independent multi-channel signals. A controller 500 is shownwhich may form an entire or a portion of a control system used togenerate, process, and/or transmit one or more channels of commandsignals for distribution via the central trunk segments to loads, whichmay include light strings capable of illuminating light patterns inresponse to the command signals. The controller 500 includes a powerinput and a ground input that may lead to a power switch 505 controlledby user input.

In various implementations, the power input signal may be AC or DC. Ifrequired, the controller 500 may include an AC to DC converter toconvert the input power. Further power conditioning may be incorporated,for example, to provide appropriate filtering, power factor correction,electromagnetic interference suppression/mitigation, and/or attenuationor boosting, as appropriate for the application. In some embodiments,outputs of the controller may be configured to regulate or limit currentand/or voltage supplied to a particular load. In some embodiments anupstream controller 500 may control operation of the power switch 505.

Output from the controller 500 includes a DC output and a ground output.In some embodiments, the DC output may pass-through and be substantiallythe same amplitude as the Power Input (DC) voltage such that the DCpasses-through the controller 500 without being substantiallyattenuated. In some embodiments, the power switch 505 may be omitted.

The controller 500 depicted in this example is programmable and includesa processor 510 (e.g., CPU), random access memory (RAM) 515,non-volatile memory (NVM) 520 which may have embedded code 525, and acommunications port 530. The processor 510 may receive and execute thecode 525 to perform various digital or analog control functions. Theprocessor 510 may be a general purpose digital microprocessor 510 whichcontrols the operation of the controller 500. The processor 510 may be asingle-chip processor 510 or implemented with multiple components. Usinginstructions retrieved from memory, the processor 510 may controlreception and manipulations of input data and the output data orexcitation signals. RAM may be used by the processor 510 as a generalstorage area and as scratch-pad memory, and can also be used to storeinput data and processed data.

The exemplary controller 500 also includes a user interface 540controlled by user input and an analog interface 545 controlled byanalog input. The user interface 540 may include dials, such as forexample timing dials, frequency dials, or amplitude control dials. Theuser interface 540 may include switches or control buttons, such as forexample amplitude changing controls, channel changing controls, orfrequency changing controls. The switches or control buttons maycorrespond to various light patterns that may involve, for example,light colors, modulation patterns (e.g., pulsed, triangular, sinusoidal,or rectangular waveforms), light intensities, or light blinking rates.The user interface 540 and the analog interface 545, as well as theprocessor 510, memory, and communications are connected to a controlmodule 550.

A communications network 535 may communicate with the communicationsport 530 and may be utilized to send and receive data over a network 535connected to other controllers 500 or computer systems. An interfacecard or similar device and appropriate software may be implemented bythe processor 510 to connect the controller 500 to an existing network535 and transfer data according to standard protocols. Thecommunications network 535 may also communicate with upstream ordownstream controllers 500, such as for example to activate ordeactivate upstream or downstream controllers 500. In some embodiments,the communications network 535 may be suited for routing master-slavecommands to or from the downstream controller 500. In the embodiment,the controllers 500 may include suitable circuitry for interpreting themaster-slave command. Commands sent to upstream or downstreamcontrollers 500 may be sent through power line carrier modes, optical(e.g., infrared, visible), sound (e.g., audible, ultrasonic, subsonicmodulation), or wireless (e.g., Bluetooth, Zigbee) modes, for example.

The exemplary control module 550 includes a plurality of functiongenerators 555, 560, 565 each for outputting one or more predeterminedor user-configured waveforms to a corresponding channel. In one mode,the function generators 555, 560, 565 may operate independently of oneanother. In a second mode, the function generators 555, 560, 565 mayoperate with, for example, different temporal, phase shift, or waveformsaspects. In some examples, some or all of the function generators555-565 may be synchronized to each other, or to external clock sourcesignal, for example. The function generators 555, 560, 565 may receivepre-stored data for outputting predetermined waveforms or may receiveuser-configured data from user input to generate unique and customizablewaveforms. In some embodiments, the waveforms generated may beelectrical waveforms which control and regulate output lumens from oneor more lights upon a light string. In some examples, the control module550 may also include a switch timing control 570 which may use a dutycycle to generate control signals for use by the function generators555, 560, 565. In some embodiments, the control signals may be timed toproduce predetermined current waveforms at predetermined frequencies orintervals. By way of example and not limitation, exemplary compositeeffects may include, but are not limited to, walking, waterfall, random,or a combination of such effects.

In some embodiments, the waveforms generated by the function generators555, 560, 565 may comprise one or more frequencies. In some embodiments,the waveforms generated may cause a blinking effect among the connectedlights. In some embodiments, the waveforms generated may cause asteady-on effect among the connected lights. In some embodiments, thewaveforms generated may cause a dimming effect among the connectedlights. In some embodiments, the waveforms generated may cause a dimmingeffect followed by a steady-on effect among the connected lights. Insome embodiments, the waveforms generated may cause a blinking effectfollowed by a dimming effect followed by a steady-on effect among theconnected lights.

FIG. 6 depicts another exemplary system for processing independentmultichannel signals. A control system 600 includes a main controller605 and a plurality of multiplexers 610, 615 that may receive addressedcommand signals from the main controller 605 and output electricalcommand signals, for example as via a buffer or a pass-through. In thedepicted example, the first multiplexer module 610 and associatedcircuitry is electrically connected to radial receptacles 620 on a firsttrunk segment 625. A second multiplexer module 615 and associatedcircuitry is electrically connected to a radial receptacle 630 on asecond trunk segment 635. The trunk segments 625, 635 may beelectrically connected via the exemplary axial electrical connectors640, 645.

Each multiplexer 610, 615 is in signal communication with the controller605 via a command wire 650 and a plurality of channel wires 655, 660,665. The command wires 650 may carry an electrical command signalindicative of a command for a specific addressed multiplexer 610, 615 toread and transmit a specific channel wire 655, 660, 665. Power andground wires may also be incorporated within one or more of the commandor channel wires 650, 655, 660, 665, or incorporated as stand-alonewires to provide power to the light emitting devices and internalcircuitry. The wires and circuitry are located internal to the trunksegments 625, 635 and may be internal or be routed along axialelectrical connectors 640, 645 connecting the trunk segments 625, 635.

In some implementations, the command wire 650 may also serve as a powerdelivering signal from a low impedance source so as to deliver operatingvoltage and current to supply one or more load devices. In suchexamples, to provide for communication over the power line 650, themultiplexer modules 610, 615 may each be equipped with frequencyselective receivers that can detect demodulate command signals that aremodulated on top of the power line power delivering signal, which may below voltage DC, for example, or 60 Hz AC, for example, as carried on thecommand wire 650. In various examples, a suitable frequency selectivereceiver may include an analog filter, a digital filter implemented inhardware, a digital filter implemented in software, or a combination ofthese, to selectively detect and extract a modulated command signal onthe carrier power signal. Various modulation schemes may be used,including but not limited to phase, frequency, or amplitude modulation.

Each multiplexer 610, 615 may be assigned a predetermined unique addressfor selectively determining which signal commands to react to. Forexample, the first multiplexer 610 may have address 0001 and the secondmultiplexer 615 may have address 0002. Further, each channel wire 655,660, 665 may have a distinct address, such as “A”, “B”, and “C” forexample. In an exemplary embodiment, the main controller 605 may send aserial command signal along the command wire 650, such as 0001A0002B forexample. The command signal may be interpreted by the multiplexer 0001illustrated as the first multiplexer 610 to read channel wire “A”illustrated as wire 655 and transmit the respective command signal onwire “A” to the connected light emitting devices since address “A”follows the address of the first multiplexer 610. Since channel address“B” follows the multiplexer address 0002 illustrated as multiplexer 615,the second multiplexer 615 may be programmed to read channel wire “B”illustrated as wire 660 and transmit the respective electrical signalcarried on channel wire “B” to the connected light emitting devices.Accordingly, some embodiments of a control scheme may dynamicallycontrol the routing of signals on any of wires 655-665 to any selectedload, such as the loads connected to any selected one of the radialreceptacles 620, 630. Such control schemes may be implemented byoperation of a controller, an example of which is described withreference to FIG. 5.

If a manual or automatic preferred channel change were made to one ormore of the multiplexer 610, 615 or main controller 605, the maincontroller 605 may be configured to send out an electrical commandsignal referencing only the multiplexer 610, 615 that was changed. Forexample, if the second multiplexer 610 were changed to read and transmitchannel “C” illustrated by wire 665 via a control switch or otheradjustment device, the main controller 605 may transmit an electricalcommand signal having data 0002C. Since the electrical command signaldoes not reference multiplexer 0001, the first multiplexer 610 ignoresthe command and the command is only read and acted upon by the secondmultiplexer 615 addressed 0002.

Various embodiments include exemplary addressing schemes that may beillustrative of the flexible configurations achievable with amulti-channel system with signal distribution in a trunk signals.

In some implementations, information and/or command signals may beconveyed axially via an optical path. In some examples, informationand/or command signals may be coupled between trunk segments usinggalvanically-isolated electrical ports, for example, formed of magneticflux coupling (e.g., transformer coupling), capacitive coupling, opticalcoupling, either alone or in some combination.

FIGS. 7A-7B depict an exemplary orientation-independent multi-channelsignal interface connection assembly. A connection assembly includes afirst connector 700 and a second connector 705. The first connector 700and the second connector 705 may be formed integrally with the trunksegments and/or the branch segments as described herein to permitconnection of trunk segments and/or branch segments in any radialorientation relative to each other. Also shown are a series of firstelectrical connectors 710 extending from the first connector 700 and asecond electrical connector 715 formed within the second connectorsegment 705. The first electrical connectors 710 may be formed of amale-plug type and the second electrical connector 715 may be formed ofa female plug type. In some embodiments, the connectors 710 may bespring-based pins that can adjust to small imperfections in the depth ofthe coupling connection to between the connector 705 and the connector715.

The second electrical connector 715 may include an electricallyconductive medium 720 for electrically receiving the first electricalconnectors 710 and permitting the first electrical connectors 710 to bereceived within the second electrical connector 715 in any radialorientation. As seen in the top view of the connector 705 shown in FIG.7B, axially symmetric concentric conductive rings 720 are separated byaxially-symmetric concentric non-conductive separator rings. In makingan electrical mating, a distal tip of each of the connectors 710 fitswithin or between adjacent separator rings to substantially preventelectrical shorting.

In some embodiments, the conductive rings 720 may be formed of aconductive gel substance, or a conductive metal (e.g., by way of exampleand not limitation, copper, nickel, brass, gold or a combinationthereof). In some embodiments, each first electrical connector 710 maytransmit a different electrical signal.

FIGS. 8A-8C depict another exemplary orientation-independentmulti-channel signal interface connection assembly. FIG. 8A depicts anexemplary first connector 800. FIG. 8B and FIG. 8C depict an exemplarysectional view and an exemplary upper perspective view of a secondconnector 805. The first connector segment 800 and the second connectorsegment 805 may be formed integrally with the trunk segments and/or thebranch segments, respectively, as described herein to permit connectionof trunk segments and/or branch segments in any radial orientationrelative each other. Also shown are a series of first electricalconnectors 810 extending from the first connector segment 800 and asecond electrical connector 815 formed within the second connectorsegment 805. The first electrical connectors 810 may be formed of amale-plug type and the second electrical connector 815 may be formed ofa female plug type.

The second electrical connector 815 may include an electricallyconductive medium 820 for electrically receiving the first electricalconnectors 810 and permitting the first electrical connectors 810 to bereceived within the second electrical connector 815 in any radialorientation. In some embodiments, the conductive medium 820 may beformed of a conductive gel substance. In some embodiments, each firstelectrical connector 810 may transmit a different electrical signal(e.g., power, commands, information), such as a different signalchannel.

FIGS. 9A-9D depict an exemplary self-aligning multi-channel signalinterface connection assembly. FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B depict an exemplaryfirst connector 900 in plan and perspective side views. FIG. 9C and FIG.9D depict an exemplary top view and an exemplary sectional view of asecond connector 905. The first connector segment 900 and the secondconnector segment 905 may be formed integrally within the trunk segmentsand/or the branch segments as described herein to permit connection oftrunk segments and/or branch segments in a self-aligning manner. Alsoshown are a series of first electrical connectors 910 extending from thefirst connector segment 900 and a guide 915 leading to a series ofsecond electrical connectors 920 formed within the second connectorsegment 905. The first electrical connectors 910 may be formed of amale-plug type and the second electrical connector 920 may be formed ofa female plug type.

The guide 915 forces the male end of the first connector segment 900 tobe rotated towards a pre-determined angle with respect to a longitudinalaxis when being inserted within the second connector segment 905. Theguide 915 has curved or angled interior edges so that the firstconnector segment 900 slides into the second connector segment 905smoothly and without obstruction. The second electrical connector 920may comprise an electrically conductive medium 920 for electricallyreceiving the first electrical connectors 910 and permitting the firstelectrical connectors 910 to be received within the second electricalconnector 920. In some embodiments, the conductive medium 920 may be aconductive gel substance. In some embodiments, each first electricalconnector 910 may transmit a different electrical signal.

FIGS. 10A-10D depict another exemplary self-aligning multi-channelsignal interface connection assembly. FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B depict anexemplary first connector 1000 in a side perspective view and asectional view. FIG. 10C and FIG. 10D depict an exemplary bottom viewand an exemplary top view of a second connector 1005. The firstconnector segment 1000 and the second connector segment 1005 may beformed integrally with the trunk segments and/or the branch segments asdescribed herein to permit connection of trunk segments and/or branchsegments in a self-aligning manner. Also shown are a series of firstelectrical connectors 1010 extending from the first connector segment1000 and a guide 1015 leading to a series of second electricalconnectors 1020 formed within the second connector segment 1005. Thefirst electrical connectors 1010 may be formed of a male-plug type andthe second electrical connector 1020 may be formed of a female plugtype.

The guide 1015 forces the male end of the first connector segment 1000to be rotated towards a pre-determined rotation when being insertedwithin the second connector segment 1005. The guide 1015 has curved orangled interior edges so that the first connector segment 1000 slidesinto the second connector segment 1005 smoothly and without obstruction.The second electrical connector 1020 may comprise an electricallyconductive medium 1020 within for electrically receiving the firstelectrical connectors 1010 and permitting the first electricalconnectors 1010 to be received within the second electrical connector1020. In some embodiments, the conductive medium 1020 may be aconductive gel substance. In some embodiments, each first electricalconnector 1010 may transmit a different electrical signal.

FIG. 11 depicts an exemplary multichannel distribution system integratedin a central pole. As depicted, a multichannel distribution system 1100includes pole sections 1105 A, B, C, through which multichannel signalconductors are routed from a base 1110. Extending from the base 1110 isa signal conductor coupled to an interface 1115. The signal conductorbetween the base 1110 and the interface 1115 may conduct, for example,power and/or one or more channels of information signals.

The pole section 1105 a, couples to the pole section 1105 b via aninterface 1120, which is shown in the magnified view to revealadditional details. Similarly, the pole sections 1105 B couples to thepole section 1105 C, and the pole section 1105 C couples to the base1110 via interfaces substantially similar to the interface 1120.

In the magnified view of the interface 1120, the interface 1120 includesa multi-channel socket 1125 to receive and provide signal communicationto corresponding channels in a plug 1130. When mated, the multi-channelsignals may communicate to radial ports 1135 distributed along thelength of the pole sections 1105 A-C. The radio port 1135 is depicted inthis example as receiving a radial plug assembly 1140, which may beconnected to a load and/or a single or multi-channel signal source.

In the depicted example, adjacent pole sections may be securely coupledby a collar 1145 engaging threads 1150. Also in the depicted example thepole section 1105 A includes an output connector 1160 at which some orall of the multichannel signals may be made available to an externalload device and/or a controller. In various embodiments, one or more ofthe output connectors 1160 may be made available, for example, withinthe base 1110 and/or any of the other pole sections 1105.

FIGS. 12-16 depict schematically exemplary trunk segment configurationsfor distributing operating power and serial and/or parallel controlcommands to individual light string elements. To illustrate exemplaryembodiments for communicating operating power, return, and commandsignals through a trunk segment, FIG. 12 depicts a light string withpower, return, and data lines extending between two opposing connectorsfor releasably plugging into a trunk segment to form a loop that can bedistributed on the branches of the tree, for example. FIG. 13 depicts anend-in-bulb light string with power, return, and data lines exiting viaan aperture in each trunk segment, with the data signal looping back tore-enter the trunk segment through the same aperture. FIG. 14 depicts anembodiment similar to that of FIG. 12, but the ends of the light stringare integrally connected inside the trunk segment rather than pluggablyconnected, both ends of the light string enter and exit the trunksegment through a common aperture, for example. FIG. 15 depicts a lightstring similar to the one of FIG. 12, with the addition of an additionalcontrol line (e.g., clock signal) that is distributed to eachindividually addressable illumination module, so as to accommodateserial data systems that require a clock input signal. FIG. 16 depicts alight string with at least 3 parallel current paths independently drivenby an independent command signal.

In FIG. 12, an artificial tree apparatus 1200 includes first and secondtrunk segments 1205 a, 1205 b, which may be connectable, for example,when aligned in an orientation independent manner along a longitudinalaxis (e.g., vertical axis). The trunk segments 1205 a,b are adorned withradially extending branches 1210 at various locations along each of thesegments. The artificial tree apparatus 1200 is illuminated withdecorative light string assemblies 1215 a, 1215 b, associated with thetrunk segments 1205 a, 1205 b, respectively.

Each of the light string assemblies 1215 a,b includes a number ofindividually operable illumination modules 1220 a, 1220 b. Each of theillumination modules 1220 a,b in this example is an individuallyaddressable light engine, responsive to an independent,serially-addressed command signal targeting that individual illuminationmodule 1220 a,b. In some examples, at least some of the individualillumination modules 1220 a,b may include a cascadable LED driver chip,such as the WS2811, commercially available from Worldsemi Co., Limitedof China. In various examples, the LED driver chip may be addressable,and send and receive serial commands from and to adjacent illuminationmodules 1220 a,b along either of the light assemblies 1215 a,b. Eachsuch driver chip may control illumination of one or more luminaires,such as a red, green, or blue (RGB), for example, in the illuminationmodule 1220 a,b in response to a received serial command signal. In thedepicted figure, the illumination modules 1220 a,b each receive anoperating power signal 1225, a circuit return 1230 (e.g., ground, orcircuit reference potential), and a command signal 1235. In variousembodiments, the command signal 1235 may be a single wire configured todistribute a serial command signal, or 2 or more wires to providecommand signals in the form of data, control, and/or clock signals, forexample.

The light string assemblies 1235 a,b extend between connectors 1240 a,band 1245 a,b, respectively. The connectors 1240 a,b and 1245 a,b arereleasably pluggable to make electrical connection to respective trunksegment connectors 1250 a,b and 1255 a,b. When so connected, the lightstring assembly 1215 a,b may provide an electrical channel for a femaletrunk segment connector 1260 a,b to transmit operating power 1225, thecircuit return 1230, and serially addressable command signals 1235 to amale trunk segment connector 1265 a,b at an opposite end of the trunksegment 1205 a,b. When the male trunk segment connector 1265 a of thefirst trunk segment 1205 a is in engagement with the female trunksegment connector 1260 b of the second trunk segment 1205 b, then theoperating power 1225, the circuit return 1230 and the command signal1235 may be routed from the female trunk segment connector 1260 a of thefirst segment, through the lights string assemblies 1215 a,b, and to themale trunk segment connector 1265 b of the second trunk segment 1205 b.From there, one or more subsequent trunk segments (not shown) may beconnected, and the operating power 1225, the circuit return 1230 and thecommand signal 1235 may be routed via the trunk segments and madeavailable to operate additional loads, such as downstream light strings,controllers, and/or other loads.

In various embodiments, a number of the branches 1210 may be distributedat numerous locations around the trunk segments 1205 a,b. There may bemore than one light string assembly in each trunk segment 1205 a,b. Theconnectors 1260 a,b and 1265 a,b may be, for example, self-aligning,examples of which are described with reference to FIGS. 7A-10D.

FIG. 13 depicts an end-in-bulb light string 1315 a,b with power 1325a,b, circuit return 1330 a,b, and data 1335 a,b lines exiting via anaperture in each trunk segment, with the data 1335 a,b line looping backto re-enter the trunk segment through the same aperture 1350 a,b. Aninternal connection from the power and circuit return may extenddirectly between the female trunk segment connector 1260 a,b and themale trunk segment connector 1265 a,b. The data line 1335 a,b passesserially through the light string 1315 a,b, respectively.

A serial command signal transmitted by the controller (not shown) overthe serial data line 1335 a,b may include a first signal addressed to bereceived and accepted by one or more of the individual lightillumination modules in the light string 1315 a, while a second signalin that same serial command may be received and accepted by one or moreof the individual light illumination modules in the light string 1315 a.The second signal may be independent from the first signal. The firstand second light strings 1315 a,b may execute the first and secondsignals substantially simultaneously in response to the same serialcommand signal.

FIG. 14 depicts an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 12, except theends of the light string 1415 are integrally connected inside the trunksegment 1405 rather than pluggably connected. Both ends of the lightstring 1415 enter and exit the trunk segment through a common aperture,for example.

FIG. 15 depicts a light string 1515 similar to the one of FIG. 12, withthe addition of an additional control line (e.g., clock signal 1535 b)that is distributed to each individually addressable illuminationmodule, so as to accommodate serial data systems that operatesynchronously, or with a clock input signal, in coordination with aserial data signal 1535 a. In this example, the power 1525, circuitreturn 1530, the data 1535 a, and clock 1535 b extend between twoopposing end connectors 1540 and 1545. If the connector 1540 is pluggedin to the trunk segment (not shown), the connector 1545 is available tosupply the power 1525, circuit return 1530, the data 1535 a, and clock1535 b to operate downstream loads, such as light strings, controllers,splitters, and peripheral loads, for example.

FIG. 16 depicts a light string with at least 3 parallel current pathsindependently driven by an independent command signal. FIG. 16 depictsan exemplary light string 1615 with parallel circuits 1620 a,b,c drivenrespectively by, in this example, three independent command signals 1635a,b,c that merge at a common return path 1630. Each of the circuits 1620a,b,c may have a unique color scheme and/or spatial distribution, forexample, to provide for lighting effects. One or more of the lightingelements in any of the circuits 1620 a,b,c may be individuallyaddressable by, for example, serial commands supplied on thecorresponding command signals 1635 a,b,c.

In some embodiments, a light string, such as various ones of the lightstrings described with reference to FIGS. 12-16, for example, mayinclude a pass-through channel for operating power to be distributedfrom a connector at one end to a connector at an opposite end of thelight string. Such pass through of operating power may advantageouslydeliver power to at least one downstream controller and/or peripheraldevice(s), for example, that may be connected to at least one subsequentlight string or device. Some examples of light strings may includecommand signals in addition to pass through power, and may be adaptedfor connection to receive operating power and command signals from theinside one of the trunk segments. Some examples that can be soconfigured are described with reference, for example, at least to FIG.13 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/796,950, entitled “Low VoltageCoupling,” filed by Long, et al. on Jul. 10, 2015, the entire contentsof which are incorporated herein by reference.

In various implementations, operating power levels may be at or beyond amaximum efficiency operating point, or a stable operating point (e.g.,voltage out of range). In order to expand compatibility and lengthcapacity, some embodiments may further include a level shifting modulein cascade-connected light strings, for example. Some examples that canbe so configured are described with reference, for example, at least toFIGS. 1-3 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/576,661, entitled“Modular Light String System Having Independently Addressable LightingElements,” filed by Loomis, et al. on Dec. 19, 2014, the entire contentsof which are incorporated herein by reference.

Although various embodiments have been described with reference to theFigures, other embodiments are possible. For example, the axialelectrical connectors may be configured in other structural shapes. Afirst axial electrical connector may be configured in the shape of aconcentric ring extending along an outside of a first trunk segment andbeyond an end of the first trunk segment. A corresponding end of asecond trunk segment may include an axial electrical connector formedinto the end for being received by the first axial electrical connectorin an overlapping manner.

In an exemplary embodiment, each branch segment may be attachedseparately to the trunk segments during assembly of the artificial treeapparatus in some exemplary embodiments. In other exemplary embodiments,one or more of the branch segments may be pre-attached to the trunksegments to lessen assembly time of the artificial tree apparatus. Insome exemplary embodiments, the branch segments may be pivotallyattached to the trunk segments such that the branch segments are foldedup during storage to minimize an overall surface area of the artificialtree apparatus and during assembly the branch segments folded downwardsto mimic a tree.

The branch segments may be configured in various lengths. The branchsegments may be colored to match living trees or may incorporate othernontraditional colors, such as for example red, pink, blue, or white.

In accordance with another embodiment, each light emitting device mayemit a pre-determined light pattern. For example, each light emittingdevice in a branch segment may blink at a given rate, remain constant,or gain/loss intensity. In other exemplary embodiments, some lightingdevices on a branch segment may perform a first function while otherlighting devices on the same branch segment may perform a secondfunction, either simultaneously or at different times. For example, afirst lighting device may blink while a second lighting device mayremain constant on, while a third lighting device may increase/decreaselight intensity only when the first and second lighting devices remainoff. In other exemplary embodiments, a group of light emitting devicesmay collaborate together to emit the pre-determined light pattern. Forexample, the light emitting devices may emit different patterns tofollow a beat to a popular song.

In accordance with another embodiment, the control system may comprise asingle controller or a multitude of controllers. For example, a singlecontroller may be located at the base of the artificial tree apparatusto generate and transmit command signals to respective light emittingdevices upon the branch segments. In other exemplary embodiments, eachbranch segment may include a slave controller and a master controllermay be located proximate the base of the artificial tree apparatus. Theslave controllers may be located within the respective branch segmentsor trunk segments, for example.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the axial electricalconnectors may include more than three contacts, such as 4, 5, 6, or 7contacts for example, where each contact may be configured to carry anindependent signal. In an exemplary embodiment, a first additionalcontact carries a first electrical command signal, a second additionalcontact carries a second electrical command signal and a thirdadditional contact carries a third electrical command signal. Forexample, the first additional contact may carry an electrical commandsignal representative of a blinking light pattern, the second additionalcontact may carry an electrical command signal representative of analternately fading/constant light pattern, and the third additionalcontact may carry an electrical command signal representative of astepped light pattern. If a group of first lighting devices areconfigured to receive an electrical command signal from the firstadditional contact, the first lighting devices receive an electricalcommand signal representative of a blinking light pattern.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the electrical commandsignal may include different types of data pertaining to illumination.For example, the command signals may include data pertaining to a lightpattern. In other examples, the command signals may include datapertaining to a light intensity, such as brightness of an outputtedlight. In other examples, the command signals may include datapertaining to a light color. In some examples, the electrical commandsignal may include different types of data pertaining to sound. Forexample, the command signal may include data pertaining to a song or amusical note. In an exemplary embodiment, some trunk segments or branchsegments may include speakers for outputting a sound received by theelectrical command signal.

In various embodiments, apparatus and methods may involve a controllerhaving a voice activated light controller. A command signal may begenerated based upon a voice command given to the controller. Forexample, a user may speak the words “blinking red channel 1,” and thecontroller would interpret the voice command, generate, and transmit anelectrical command signal along channel 1 wire that causes the lightemitting devices to output a red colored blinking pattern. In someembodiments, a tangible on/off switch may be incorporated into thecontroller and/or light emitting devices. For example, the user may turnthe light emitting devices on and off via a special touch sensorornament (e.g., a metal snowflake) that is permanently attached to theartificial tree apparatus.

In various embodiments, signal and power carrying wires may be strunginternally through the trunk segments such that there will be novisibility of the signal and power carrying wires from an outside of thetrunk segments. In some embodiments, wireless transmission may be usedto communicate a command signal to one or more light emitting devices.In other embodiments, a wireless transmission may be used to communicatea command signal to a receiver local to the respective branch segment,where the branch segment then directs the command signal to the lightemitting devices upon the respective branch segment via wired orwireless transmission.

In various embodiments, an electric motor may be incorporated into thebase of the artificial tree apparatus to cause the artificial treeapparatus to rotate. In some implementations, a wireless remote controlpermits the user to turn the light emitting devices on and off, as wellas turn the motor on and off. The motor may be connected to the base,such as for example to the top of the base through a plug and socketarrangement.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, a control system maygenerate a plurality of electrical command signals each intended for aspecific group of light emitting devices on a singular branch segment orsingular trunk segment. For example, a first trunk segment may beconfigured to receive a first electrical command signal representativeof a red blinking pattern. The red blinking pattern may be transmittedto each of the light emitting devices directly connected to the firsttrunk segment. In some examples, a second trunk segment may beconfigured to receive a second electrical command signal generated bythe control system and representative of a blue constant on pattern. Theblue constant on pattern may be transmitted to each of the lightemitting devices directly connected to the second trunk segment.

By way of example and not limitation, load devices may include motors,audio transducers, light emitting diodes or other light emittingdevices, for example, either alone or in combinations. In someimplementations, a user-controlled switch may be located upon each trunksegment for corresponding branch segments having load devices. Invarious implementations, a user-controlled switch may be located next toeach branch segment such that each trunk segment may have a plurality ofuser-controlled multi-position switches, for example. In some examples,a specific command signal may be associated with a specific radialreceptacle such that each branch segment may be plugged into apre-determined radial receptacle determined by the illumination patternand color intended for the light emitting devices connected to thebranch segment.

In various examples, one or more branches may be associated with a loadcircuit. One or more of the load circuits may include a group of lightemitting devices. In some implementations, each group of light emittingdevices may be manually configured via one or more user-interfaces. Insome implementations, adjoining trunk segments may couple via anaxially-symmetric connection system that permits connection in anyradial orientation relative to the longitudinal axis of the trunk orcolumn. In some examples, the control system may output a plurality of(e.g., electrical, optical) command signals. Each command signal may be,in some embodiments, intended for and/or addressed to a specificpredetermined load.

In some embodiments, a communication signal may be transmitted to thecontroller to command the controller to enter one of a plurality ofuser-selectable modes. Each mode may be associated with a correspondingillumination signal to be generated and transmitted to the lightemitting devices. For example, a wireless transmission having a commandfor an illumination signal may be sent from a mobile device over a localor wide-area network to the controller. Upon receiving the command, thecontroller may then generate or relay the signal to the light emittingdevices through the internal transmission wires within the trunksegments and along or through the branch segments.

In various embodiments, a multi-channel signals may include serial,multiplexed, and/or parallel techniques. For example, a singleconductive path within the tree column may carry an operating current(e.g., power/return, bias supply, etc. . . . ) and, in combination, atime and/or frequency division or multiplexed command or informationsignal. Multi-channel signals used to control, for example, a pluralityof independent load circuits, for example, may share a common conductivetransmission path in addition to a common return path, for example.Multi-channel signals may include, by way of example, and notlimitation, time-division multiplex, frequency division multiplex,space-division multiplex, amplitude modulation, frequency modulation,phase modulation, quadrature keying, and other known modulationtechniques for encoding one or more independent signals. As such, forexample, a power line carrier technique could be employed to control aplurality of independent loads with a two wire system that suppliesoperating current to all of the loads simultaneously.

In an illustrative example, a two wire system could provide power,return, and a modulated signal encoding a multiplexed n=4 bit (e.g., nmay be about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least about 8 or more) data streamthat enables the controller to directly address commands to any of 16independently addressable loads via the tree column. Commands to beperformed at the load device can be formatted in 4 bit chunks to bereceived by the addressed decoder.

In some implementations, voltage level output from a power supplycontrolled by the controller may encode a command or information signalthat can be detected using level detection circuits, which may bedistributed in one or more multiplexer modules or signal routers, forexample.

Multi-channel signals may include electrical signals conducted via thetree column. In certain embodiments, multi-channel signals may alsoinclude signals or combinations of signals conveyed in various forms viathe tree column. By way of example and not limitation, the tree columnmay convey commands, power, or other information signals via pneumatic,optical (e.g., light, infrared, UV, laser), fiber optic, mechanical(e.g., vibrational, push-rods), magnetic states, electrochemicalmechanisms. Signal handling systems within the trunk may include signaltransport (e.g., fiber optic, conductor, semiconductor), signalprocessing (e.g., optical filtering, electromagnetic reflectors,addressable decoders), switching apparatus (e.g., multiplexers,decoders, magnetic switches, hall effect switches, semiconductorswitches, logic gates, etc. . . . ), and interface apparatus (e.g.,transducers, interconnects, transformers, optocouplers, manifolds, etc.. . . ).

With reference to the example depicted in FIG. 2, in some embodiments,the first axial electrical connector 215 may not be recessed within thefirst trunk segment 200 and the inter-segment coupling of the trunksegments 200, 205 could be made solely by electrical connectors.

Although various examples have been described with reference todecorative plants, other implementations are possible. By way of exampleand not limitation, a plurality of power, command, and/or informationsignals may be communicated via signal paths disposed within a centralpole member, for example, in a household floor lamp. Various advantagesmay accrue to such products, for example, in easy of manufacture, highperformance capability, and/or improved electrical safety.

In one exemplary aspect, an artificial tree apparatus may include afirst trunk segment having a first axial electrical connector, and asecond trunk segment having a second axial electrical connector. Thesecond axial electrical connector is adapted to longitudinally align andconnect with the first axial electrical connector in a non-radialdependent manner. The apparatus further includes a first branch segmenthaving a first light string replaceably disposable about the firstbranch segment. The first branch segment radially extends from the firsttrunk segment. A second branch segment has a second light stringreplaceably disposable about the second branch segment. The secondbranch segment radially extends from the second trunk segment. A controlsystem is configured to generate a first electrical command signal and asecond electrical command signal. Operating power for the first andsecond light strings and the first and the second electrical commandsignals are transmitted from the first trunk segment to the second trunksegment through connection of the first and second axial electricalconnectors. The first light string is configured to receive the firstelectrical command signal and the second light string is configured toreceive the second electrical command signal.

In some embodiments of the artificial tree apparatus, the firstelectrical command signal may correspond to a first light pattern andthe second electrical command signal may correspond to a second lightpattern. The first light pattern may be different from the second lightpattern. The first light pattern may include a first light color and thesecond light pattern may include a second light color. The first lightpattern may include a visually perceptible visual light effect. Thecontrol system may include at least one user interface for altering thefirst electrical command signal or the second electrical command signal.

The artificial tree apparatus may include a first user interface and asecond user interface. The first user interface may be adapted foroperative route selection of the first electrical command signal or thesecond electrical command signal to the first light string. The seconduser interface may be adapted for operative route selection of the firstelectrical command signal or the second electrical command signal to thesecond light string. The first user interface may be located upon thefirst trunk segment and the second user interface may be located uponthe second trunk segment. The first light string may be comprised of afirst LED light string and the second light string may be comprised of asecond LED light string. The apparatus may further include a pluralityof channel wires extending within the first trunk segment and the secondtrunk segment from the control system for transmitting the firstelectrical command signal and the second electrical command signal. Thecontrol system may be configured to wirelessly receive user inputsignals from a mobile device. The control system may select auser-selectable mode in response to the wirelessly received user inputsignals.

In another exemplary aspect, an artificial tree apparatus may include afirst trunk segment having a first axial electrical connector, and asecond trunk segment having a second axial electrical connector. Thesecond axial electrical connector may be adapted to longitudinally alignand connect with the first axial electrical connector in a non-radialdependent manner. The apparatus further includes a first branch segment,wherein the first branch segment radially extends from the first trunksegment. A first light string is replaceably disposable about the firstbranch segment. A second branch segment radially extends from the secondtrunk segment. A second light string is replaceably disposable about thesecond branch segment. A current path in the first trunk segmentconnects to supply operating power to the first light string and to thefirst axial connector. At least one current path in the first trunksegment receives a first electrical command signal and a secondelectrical command signal from a control system. Operating power and thesecond electrical command signals are transmitted from the first trunksegment to the second trunk segment when the first and second axialelectrical connectors are connected. The first light string isconfigurable to receive the first electrical command signal and thesecond light string is configurable to receive the second electricalcommand signal.

In various embodiments of the artificial tree apparatus, the firstelectrical command signal may correspond to a first light pattern. Thesecond electrical command signal may correspond to a second lightpattern. The first light pattern may be independent from the secondlight pattern. The first light string may be pluggably connectable to afirst connector on the first trunk segment to receive the operatingpower and the first electrical command signal. The second light stringmay be pluggably connectable to a second connector on the second trunksegment to receive the operating power and the second electrical commandsignal.

The first electrical command signal and the second electrical commandsignal may be transmitted from the control system as a single serialdata stream.

The control system may be configured to wirelessly receive user inputsignals from a mobile device. The control system may select auser-selectable mode in response to the wirelessly received user inputsignals. One or more of the user input signals may include an addressassociated with a specific one of the first and the second channels. Thecontrol system may be configured to receive the user input signals usinga wireless communications protocol (e.g., Bluetooth, ZygBee).

A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it willbe understood that various modification may be made. For example,advantageous results may be achieved if the steps of the disclosedtechniques were performed in a different sequence, or if components ofthe disclosed systems were combined in a different manner, or if thecomponents were supplemented with other components. Accordingly, otherimplementations are within the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A lighted artificial tree comprising: a firsttree section including: a first trunk portion, the first trunk portionhaving: a first trunk wall defining a first trunk interior, and a firsttrunk electrical connector, the first trunk electrical connectorincluding a first electrical contact and a second electrical contactsharing a longitudinal central axis and disposed entirely within thefirst trunk; a first plurality of branches pivotally connected to thefirst trunk portion; a first plurality of light strings distributedabout a portion of the first plurality of branches, the first pluralityof light strings having respective end plugs; a first power and controldistribution system including (i) a first plurality of electricalconductors and (ii) a first plurality of light string connectorsconfigured to mate with the end plugs of the first plurality of lightstrings, the first power and control distribution system configured toelectrically connect to the first plurality of light strings and thefirst trunk electrical connector, wherein at least a portion of thefirst power and control distribution system is located within the firsttrunk interior; a second tree section including: a second trunk portion,the second trunk portion having: a second trunk wall defining a secondtrunk interior, a second trunk electrical connector, the second trunkelectrical connector including a first electrical contact and a secondelectrical contact sharing a longitudinal central axis and disposedentirely within the second trunk interior, and a third trunk electricalconnector, the third trunk electrical connector including a firstelectrical contact and a second electrical contact sharing alongitudinal central axis and disposed entirely within the second trunkinterior; a second plurality of branches pivotally connected to thesecond trunk portion; a second plurality of light strings distributedabout a portion of the second plurality of branches, the secondplurality of light strings having respective end plugs; a second powerand control distribution system including (i) a second plurality ofelectrical conductors and (ii) a second plurality of light stringconnectors configured to mate with the end plugs of the second pluralityof light strings, the second power and control distribution systemconfigured to electrically connect to the second plurality of lightstrings, the second trunk electrical connector, and the third trunkelectrical connector, wherein at least a portion of the second power andcontrol distribution system is located within the second trunk interior;and a third tree section including: a third trunk portion, the thirdtrunk portion having a fourth trunk electrical connector, the fourthtrunk electrical connector including a first electrical contact and asecond electrical contact sharing a longitudinal central axis; a thirdplurality of branches connected to the third trunk portion; a thirdlight string distributed about a portion of the third plurality ofbranches, wherein the second tree section is configured to mechanicallycouple to the first tree section about a central vertical axis, and thesecond tree section is electrically connectable to the first treesection such that a portion of the first trunk electrical connector ofthe first trunk portion contacts a portion of the second trunkelectrical connector of the second trunk portion, thereby creating anelectrical connection between the first power and control distributionsystem and the second power and control distribution system, and whereinthe second tree section is configured to mechanically couple to thethird tree section about a central vertical axis, and the second treesection is electrically connectable to the third tree section such thata portion of the fourth trunk electrical connector of the third trunkportion contacts a portion of the third trunk electrical connector ofthe second trunk portion.
 2. The lighted artificial tree of claim 1,wherein the first trunk electrical connector is configured to couple tothe second trunk electrical connector both in a first rotationalalignment of the first trunk electrical connector relative to the secondtrunk electrical connector, and a second rotational alignment of thefirst trunk electrical connector relative to the second trunk electricalconnector.
 3. The lighted artificial tree of claim 2, wherein the thirdtrunk electrical connector is configured to couple to the fourth trunkelectrical connector both in a first rotational alignment of the thirdtrunk electrical connector relative to the fourth trunk electricalconnector, and a second rotational alignment of the third trunkelectrical connector relative to the fourth trunk electrical connector.4. The lighted artificial tree of claim 3 further comprising a firstalignment mechanism and a second alignment mechanism, and wherein thefirst alignment mechanism and the second alignment mechanism areconfigured to cooperate to orient the first and second tree sectionssuch that, while the first tree section and the second tree section arebeing mated, the second trunk electrical connector is oriented withrespect to the first trunk electrical connector.
 5. The lightedartificial tree of claim 4 further comprising a third alignmentmechanism and a fourth alignment mechanism, and wherein the thirdalignment mechanism and the fourth alignment mechanism are configured tocooperate to orient the second and third tree sections such that, whilethe second tree section and the third tree section are being mated, thethird trunk electrical connector is oriented with respect to the secondtrunk electrical connector.
 6. The lighted artificial tree of claim 1further comprising a control system configured to receive an input powerand generate an output power and a plurality of control signals, whereinthe first tree section is configured to transmit the output power and acontrol signal of the plurality of control signals from the first treesection to the second tree section via connection of the first andsecond trunk electrical connectors.
 7. The lighted artificial tree ofclaim 6, wherein a first light string of the first plurality of lightstrings includes a first group of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and asecond group of LEDs, and the control system is configured toselectively power the first group of LEDs and the second group of LEDssuch that one of the first group of LEDs and the second group of LEDs ispowered off and the other of the first group of LEDs and the secondgroup of LEDs is powered on.
 8. The lighted artificial tree of claim 1,wherein the first trunk electrical connector further comprises a thirdelectrical contact and a fourth electrical contact and the second trunkelectrical connector further comprises a third electrical contact and afourth electrical contact.
 9. The lighted artificial tree of claim 8,wherein at least one of the first tree section, the second tree section,and the third tree section comprises an alternating current (AC) typeelectrical receptacle.
 10. A modular artificial tree comprising: a firsttrunk portion having a first trunk body defining a first cavity forreceiving a first electrical distribution system that includes (i) afirst electrical wire, (ii) a second electrical wire, and (iii) a firstplurality of light string connector interfaces; a second trunk portionhaving a second trunk body defining a second cavity for receiving asecond electrical distribution system that includes (i) a firstelectrical wire, (ii) a second electrical wire, and (iii) a secondplurality of light string connector interfaces; a first trunk connectorconfigured for (i) insertion into the first cavity along a centralvertical axis and (ii) securing to the first trunk body; a firstconcentric electrical contact set including a first electrical contactand a second electrical contact connected to the first trunk connectorand electrically connected to the first electrical wire and the secondelectrical wire of the first electrical distribution system,respectively, and the first concentric electrical contact set disposedentirely within the first cavity; a first plurality of light stringsdistributed about a portion of a first plurality of branches pivotallyconnected to the first trunk portion, the first plurality of lightstrings having respective end plugs configured to mate with the firstplurality of light string connector interfaces; a second trunk connectorconfigured for (i) at least partial insertion into the second cavityalong a central vertical axis and (ii) securing to the second trunkbody; a second concentric electrical contact set including a firstelectrical contact and a second electrical contact connected to thesecond trunk connector and electrically connected to the firstelectrical wire and the second electrical wire of the second electricaldistribution system, respectively, and the second concentric electricalcontact set disposed entirely within the second cavity; and a secondplurality of light strings distributed about a portion of a secondplurality of branches pivotally connected to the second trunk portion,the second plurality of light strings having respective end plugsconfigured to mate with the second plurality of light string connectorinterfaces, wherein connecting the first and second trunk portionscauses the first concentric electrical contact set to be electricallyconnected to the second concentric electrical contact set.
 11. Themodular artificial tree of claim 10 further comprising a first alignmentmechanism and a second alignment mechanism, and wherein the firstalignment mechanism and the second alignment mechanism are configured tocooperate to orient the first and second trunk portions such that, whilethe first trunk portion and the second trunk portion are being mated,the second trunk connector is oriented with respect to the first trunkconnector.
 12. The modular artificial tree of claim 11, wherein thefirst trunk connector is configured to couple to the second trunkconnector both in a first rotational alignment of the first trunkconnector relative to the second trunk connector, and a secondrotational alignment of the first trunk connector relative to the secondtrunk connector.
 13. The modular artificial tree of claim 10 furthercomprising a control system configured to receive an input power andgenerate an output power and a plurality of control signals, wherein thefirst trunk portion is configured to transmit the output power and acontrol signal of the plurality of control signals from the first trunkportion to the second trunk portion via connection of the first andsecond trunk connectors.
 14. The modular artificial tree of claim 13,wherein the control system is configured to wirelessly receive userinput signals from a mobile device, and wherein the control system isconfigured to operate in accordance with a selected user-selectable modein response to the wirelessly received user input signals.
 15. Themodular artificial tree of claim 10, wherein the first trunk connectorcomprises a direct current (DC) plug and the second trunk connectorcomprises a DC socket.
 16. The modular artificial tree of claim 10further comprising: a third concentric electrical contact set includinga first electrical contact and a second electrical contact engaged withthe first trunk connector, the third concentric electrical contact setdisposed entirely within the first cavity; and a fourth concentricelectrical contact set including a first electrical contact and a secondelectrical contact engaged with the second trunk connector, the fourthconcentric electrical contact set disposed entirely within the secondcavity, wherein connecting the first and second trunk portions causesthe third concentric electrical contact set to be electrically connectedto the fourth concentric electrical contact set.
 17. The modularartificial tree of claim 16, wherein the second electrical distributionsystem further includes an alternating current (AC) type plug.
 18. Themodular artificial tree of claim 16, wherein the first concentricelectrical contact set and the second concentric electrical contact setare configured to transmit DC power throughout the modular artificialtree and the third concentric electrical contact set and the fourthconcentric electrical contact set are configured to transmit AC powerthroughout the modular artificial tree.
 19. The modular artificial treeof claim 10, wherein at least one electrical contact of the firstconcentric electrical contact set and at least one electrical contact ofthe second concentric electrical contact set are configured to transmitinstruction signals.
 20. A modular artificial tree, comprising: a firstassembled tree portion, including: a first tree trunk portion includinga first axially extending cylindrical wall defining a first tree trunkrecess; a first plurality of branches pivotally connected to the firsttree trunk portion; a first light emitting diode (LED) light stringdisposed on the first plurality of branches; a first direct current (DC)connector interface; and a first connector in electrical connection withthe first DC connector interface, the first connector located at leastpartially within the first tree trunk recess and secured to the firstaxially extending cylindrical wall, the first connector including afirst pair of electrical terminals sharing a longitudinal axis anddisposed entirely within the first tree trunk recess; and a secondassembled tree portion, including: a second tree trunk portion includinga second axially extending cylindrical wall defining a second tree trunkrecess; a second plurality of branches pivotally connected to the secondtree trunk portion; a second LED light string disposed on a firstportion of the second plurality of branches; a second DC connectorinterface; a third LED light string disposed on a second portion on thesecond plurality of branches; a third DC connector interface; and asecond connector in electrical connection with the second DC connectorinterface and the third DC connector interface, the second connectorlocated at least partially within the second tree trunk recess andsecured to the second axially extending cylindrical wall, the secondconnector including a second pair of electrical terminals sharing alongitudinal axis and disposed entirely within the first tree trunkrecess, the second connector configured to mechanically and electricallyconnect to the first connector in a plurality of rotational alignmentpositions, wherein the first assembled tree portion is configured tocouple with the second assembled tree portion such that the firstconnector is coupled to the second connector, and the first pair ofelectrical terminals are electrically connected to the second pair ofelectrical terminals, thereby mechanically coupling and electricallyconnecting the first assembled tree portion to the second assembled treeportion, and wherein the first LED light string is configured toelectrically connect to the first assembled tree portion via the firstDC connector interface, the second LED light string is configured toelectrically connect to the second assembled tree portion via the secondDC connector interface, and the third LED light string is configured toelectrically connect to the second assembled tree portion via the thirdDC connector interface.
 21. The modular artificial tree of claim 20further comprising a first alignment mechanism and a second alignmentmechanism, and wherein the first alignment mechanism and the secondalignment mechanism are configured to cooperate to orient the first andsecond assembled tree portions such that, while the first assembled treeportion and the second assembled tree portion are being mated, thesecond connector is oriented with respect to the first connector. 22.The modular artificial tree of claim 20 further comprising a controlsystem configured to generate a plurality of command signals, whereinthe first LED light string includes a first group of LEDs and a secondgroup of LEDs, and the control system is configured to selectively powerthe first group of LEDs and the second group of LEDs such that one ofthe first group of LEDs and the second group of LEDs is powered off andthe other of the first group of LEDs and the second group of LEDs ispowered on.
 23. The modular artificial tree of claim 22, wherein thecontrol system is configured to wirelessly receive user input signalsfrom a mobile device, wherein the control system is configured tooperate in accordance with a selected user-selectable mode in responseto the wirelessly received user input signals.
 24. The modularartificial tree of claim 22, wherein the control system is furtherconfigured to receive an input power and generate an output power, andwherein the assembled first tree portion is configured to transmit theoutput power and a control signal from the first assembled tree portionto the second assembled tree portion via connection of the first andsecond connectors.
 25. The modular artificial tree of claim 20, whereinthe first connector further comprises a first connector body and thesecond connector further comprises a second connector body, and whereinwhen the first connector is mated with the second connector, the firstconnector body is mated with the second connector body.
 26. A modularartificial tree, comprising: a first hollow trunk portion having a firstelongated trunk body including a first end and a second end and defininga first cavity, the first cavity having disposed at least partiallytherein a first electrical distribution system including (i) a firstelectrical wire, (ii) a second electrical wire, and (iii) a first lightstring connector; a first trunk connector wholly received by the firstcavity and mated with an inner portion of a trunk wall of the firsthollow trunk portion; a first concentric electrical contact setincluding a first electrical contact and a second electrical contactengaged with the first trunk connector and electrically connected to thefirst electrical wire and the second electrical wire of the firstelectrical distribution system, respectively; a first light stringdisposed on a first plurality of branches, the first plurality ofbranches pivotally connected to the first hollow trunk portion; a secondhollow trunk portion having a second elongated trunk body including afirst end and a second end and defining a second cavity, the first endincluding a first portion and a second portion, the first portion havinga diameter that is less than a diameter of the second portion, the firstportion being configured to fit into the second end of the first hollowtrunk portion, and the second cavity having disposed at least partiallytherein a second electrical distribution system including (i) a firstelectrical wire, (ii) a second electrical wire, and (iii) a second lightstring connector; a second trunk connector at least partially receivedby the second cavity and mated with an inner portion of a trunk wall ofthe second hollow trunk portion; a second light string disposed on asecond plurality of branches, the second plurality of branches pivotallyconnected to the second hollow trunk portion; and a second concentricelectrical contact set including a first electrical contact and a secondelectrical contact engaged with the second trunk connector andelectrically connected to the first electrical wire and the secondelectrical wire of the second electrical distribution system,respectively, and the second concentric electrical contact set disposedentirely within the second cavity; and wherein inserting the firstportion of the first end of the second hollow trunk portion into thesecond end of the first hollow trunk portion causes the first electricalcontact set to be electrically connected to the second electricalcontact set and the first electrical distribution system to beelectrically connected to the second electrical distribution system, andwherein the first light string is configured to electrically connect tothe modular artificial tree via the first light string connector and thesecond light string is configured to electrically connect to the modularartificial tree via the second light string connector.
 27. The modularartificial tree of claim 26, wherein the first concentric electricalcontact set is configured to couple to the second concentric electricalcontact set both in a first rotational alignment of the first trunkconnector relative to the second trunk connector, and a secondrotational alignment of the first trunk connector relative to the secondtrunk connector.
 28. The modular artificial tree of claim 26, whereinone of the first electrical distribution system and the secondelectrical distribution system further comprises an alternating current(AC) type connector.
 29. The modular artificial tree of claim 26,wherein the first trunk connector comprises a direct current (DC) plugand the second trunk connector comprises a DC socket.
 30. The modularartificial tree of claim 26, wherein the first light string isconfigured to detachably couple to the first light string connector andthe second light string is configured detachably couple to the secondlight string connector.